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- In the early days of the solar system, there were vast amounts of comets and asteroids
- flying around, violently smashing into the young planetary bodies. Much of the evidence
- for this ancient activity is to be found on moons of the planets, where comet and asteroid
- impacts are not eroded by dynamic conditions on larger worlds.
-
- Moons, or natural satellites, have been found in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, ranging
- from Saturn's large moon Titan, which has its own thick atmosphere, to the Martian moon
- Deimos, which is nothing more than a captured asteroid. Other moons, such as Miranda
- in the Uranus system, show signs of massive collisions that reshaped the entire body.
-
- The planet Earth is unique among the terrestrial worlds, in that it has a large spherical
- satellite. Luna, or "the Moon," shows signs of heavy bombardment in the early days of the
- solar system. Mars is the only other terrestrial world with natural satellites, Phobos and
- Deimos, which appear to be asteroids captured from the nearby asteroid belt.
-
- The outer gas giant planets, by contrast, have large diverse systems of satellites that
- resemble small solar systems. Jupiter has four particularly large moons called the Galilean
- satellites, including the largest satellite in the solar system, Ganymede. Saturn has only
- one very large moon, Titan, which has a thick atmosphere of organic compounds. Saturn,
- however, with at least 22 moons, has the largest system of satellites of all the planets.
-
- The most interesting satellite of Uranus is Miranda, a small world with a bizarre jumbled
- appearance. It appears that Miranda was broken up by a severe collision with another
- body, and then reassembled with the pieces turned inside-out. Triton, the largest moon of
- Neptune, appears to have a very thin atmosphere of nitrogen and methane, and is the
- coldest place ever explored in the solar system.
-
- Once of the keys to understanding the minor bodies in the solar system is to explore the
- moons of the planets. Most natural satellites have preserved their ancient histories on
- their static surfaces. The vast differences between the minor bodies in the solar system tell
- stories of the ancient past, and help prepare us for the future.